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Qu'est-ce (qui) est ascetic - définition
![A female ascetic of the [[Vaishnavism]] tradition, 19th century India](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A female sadhu sannyasi monk with a Vishnu mark, painting from India.jpg?width=200 "A female ascetic of the [[Vaishnavism]] tradition, 19th century India")
![The Buddha as an ascetic. [[Gandhara]], 2nd–3rd century CE. [[British Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EmaciatedBuddha.JPG?width=200 "The Buddha as an ascetic. [[Gandhara]], 2nd–3rd century CE. [[British Museum]]")
![[[Chassidei Ashkenaz]] were a Jewish mystical and ascetic movement in [[medieval Germany]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GermanJews1.jpg?width=200 "[[Chassidei Ashkenaz]] were a Jewish mystical and ascetic movement in [[medieval Germany]].")
![Muslim]] ascetic (''[[fakir]]'') in [[Bengal]] during the 1860s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of a Muslim ascetic (fakir) in Eastern Bengal in the 1860s.jpg?width=200 "Muslim]] ascetic (''[[fakir]]'') in [[Bengal]] during the 1860s")
![Coptic]] inscription reads ‘Ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ’ ("the Great Father Anthony").](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/StAnthony.jpg?width=200 "Coptic]] inscription reads ‘Ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ’ (\"the Great Father Anthony\").")
Wikipédia
Asceticism (; from the Greek: ἄσκησις, romanized: áskesis, lit. 'exercise', 'training') is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their practices or continue to be part of their society, but typically adopt a frugal lifestyle, characterised by the renunciation of material possessions and physical pleasures, and also spend time fasting while concentrating on the practice of religion or reflection upon spiritual matters. Various individuals have also attempted an ascetic lifestyle to free themselves from addictions, some of them particular to modern life, such as money, alcohol, tobacco, drugs, entertainment, sex, food, etc.
Asceticism has been historically observed in many religious and philosophic traditions, including Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pythagoreanism and contemporary practices continue amongst some religious followers.
Practitioners abandon sensual pleasures and lead an abstinent lifestyle, in the pursuit of redemption, salvation, or spirituality. Many ascetics believe the action of purifying the body helps to purify the soul, and thus obtain a greater connection with the Divine or find inner peace. This may take the form of rituals, the renunciation of pleasure, or self-mortification. However, ascetics maintain that self-imposed constraints bring them greater freedom in various areas of their lives, such as increased clarity of thought and the ability to resist potentially destructive temptations. Asceticism is seen in the ancient theologies as a journey towards spiritual transformation, where the simple is sufficient, the bliss is within, the frugal is plenty. Inversely, several ancient religious traditions, such as Ancient Egyptian religion, and the Dionysian Mysteries, vamachara, and the modern Western occult left-hand path traditions, openly reject ascetic practices and either focus on various types of hedonism or on the importance of family life, both rejecting celibacy.
